Feminist Pedagogy: Not Just for Women Anymore Essay -- Education, Femi

Your responsibilities as teachers at this community college are very important in educating the dedicated students that attend your school. As an aging baby-boomer approaching retirement, no doubt like some of you in this room today, I recognize the importance of providing opportunities for growth and experiential learning in our young adults that will affect not only their lives, but those of everyone else around them. It is this distinguished group of graduates that will become our leaders, policy makers, doctors, lawyers and business people. The focus on learning moving towards a learner-centered approach and away from a teacher based will become increasingly important to this new generation of learners. Critical pedagogy is defined by philosophical education scholar Henry Giroux (Critical Pedagogy, 2011), as â€Å"an educational movement, guided by passion and principle, to help students develop consciousness of freedom, recognize authoritarian tendencies, and connect knowledge to power and the ability to take constructive action†. Many of us who were students of days gone by only know of traditional methods of schooling. What a critical pedagogy approach can do is create a learning environment for those individuals who have been disenfranchised by a traditional teaching methods because of their race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs or cultural beliefs. Such an environment fosters the capacity for critical thinking and reflection. One method of critical pedagogy is the feminist approach. I will explain the root of critical pedagogy in the feminist approach. I will then discuss feminist pedagogy and its practical applications in the classroom. Lastly, I will demonstrate that it is not exclusively for or about w... ...gress: Education as the practice of freedom, London: Routledge. Hudalla, J. (2005). Transforming My Curriculum, Transforming My Classroom. EdChange and the Multicultural Pavilion. Retrieved December 1, 2011 from http://www.EdChange.org/multicultural Shrewsbury, C. (1997). What is feminist pedagogy? Women’s studies quarterly, 25 (1,2), pp.166-173. Smith, M.K. (2002). Paulo Freire and informal education. The encyclopedia of informal education. Retrieved December 1, 2011 from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-freir.htm Stage, F., Muller, P., Kinzie, J, Simmons, A. (1998). Creating learning centered classrooms: What does learning theory have to say? George Washington Univ. Washington, DC. Waller, A. (2005). What is feminist pedagogy and how can it be used in CSET education? Retrieved November 27, 2011 from http://fie-conference.org/fie2005/papers/1585.pdf Feminist Pedagogy: Not Just for Women Anymore Essay -- Education, Femi Your responsibilities as teachers at this community college are very important in educating the dedicated students that attend your school. As an aging baby-boomer approaching retirement, no doubt like some of you in this room today, I recognize the importance of providing opportunities for growth and experiential learning in our young adults that will affect not only their lives, but those of everyone else around them. It is this distinguished group of graduates that will become our leaders, policy makers, doctors, lawyers and business people. The focus on learning moving towards a learner-centered approach and away from a teacher based will become increasingly important to this new generation of learners. Critical pedagogy is defined by philosophical education scholar Henry Giroux (Critical Pedagogy, 2011), as â€Å"an educational movement, guided by passion and principle, to help students develop consciousness of freedom, recognize authoritarian tendencies, and connect knowledge to power and the ability to take constructive action†. Many of us who were students of days gone by only know of traditional methods of schooling. What a critical pedagogy approach can do is create a learning environment for those individuals who have been disenfranchised by a traditional teaching methods because of their race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs or cultural beliefs. Such an environment fosters the capacity for critical thinking and reflection. One method of critical pedagogy is the feminist approach. I will explain the root of critical pedagogy in the feminist approach. I will then discuss feminist pedagogy and its practical applications in the classroom. Lastly, I will demonstrate that it is not exclusively for or about w... ...gress: Education as the practice of freedom, London: Routledge. Hudalla, J. (2005). Transforming My Curriculum, Transforming My Classroom. EdChange and the Multicultural Pavilion. Retrieved December 1, 2011 from http://www.EdChange.org/multicultural Shrewsbury, C. (1997). What is feminist pedagogy? Women’s studies quarterly, 25 (1,2), pp.166-173. Smith, M.K. (2002). Paulo Freire and informal education. The encyclopedia of informal education. Retrieved December 1, 2011 from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-freir.htm Stage, F., Muller, P., Kinzie, J, Simmons, A. (1998). Creating learning centered classrooms: What does learning theory have to say? George Washington Univ. Washington, DC. Waller, A. (2005). What is feminist pedagogy and how can it be used in CSET education? Retrieved November 27, 2011 from http://fie-conference.org/fie2005/papers/1585.pdf

Expansion In The Supermarket Commerce Essay

As we know that enlargement in the supermarket and now it is besides diversified in the Fieldss like communicating, insurance, fiscal services. Here we are we are sing the vision of the Tesco and the ways Tesco comes up with the taking rival in the market for the remainder of companies. Here we will be discoursing the assorted stairss and schemes, policies, theoretical accounts used by the company in order to increase its public presentation in the market. Introduction: Here we are we are sing the vision of the Tesco and the ways Tesco comes up with the taking rival in the market for the remainder of companies. Here we will be discoursing the assorted stairss and schemes, policies, theoretical accounts used by the company in order to increase its public presentation in the market. In the supermarket and now it is besides diversified in the Fieldss like communicating, insurance, fiscal services. Talking about Tesco it is presently the UK ‘s most successful supermarket with a UK market portion in surplus of 30 % and one-year net incomes of some ?2bn. It is the universe ‘s 4th largest retail merchant. Although after the debut in the US markets Tesco was the one of the most sensible retail merchants for the clients but it have to confront the critics of some of the analyst who was analyzing the consequence of debut of Tesco into the retail market of US. It was said by some of the analyst that if Tesco effort to come in in the American market it has been a failure that the company should retreat. One of the known analysts named Piper Jaffray has estimated the cost for the company which will be the set uping cost if the Tesco will retreat from the US markets which would be near about one billion lbs. The company ‘s environmental claims have come un der analysis, along with its belongings scheme, its non-unionisation policy in a comparatively strongly nonionized sector of concern and its refusal to subscribe a community benefits understanding. Community benefits understandings are used by shops in the USA to derive client trueness. Tesco, in bend, has countered these unfavorable judgments. Jack Cohen ‘s concern slogan was â€Å" pile it high and sell it inexpensive † , although this was rapidly replaced with the stating â€Å" You Ca n't Do Business Siting On Your Buttocks † . He was known to administer points bearing the acronym to his gross revenues force. Talking about the history of this company who has strong clasp In the UK markets was started in 1919. This was the started by Jack Cohen who started his concern calling by selling the food markets from the streets of London. Tesco is the name that was billed by the names of provider the individual who brought the cargo of tea his name was T.E Stock good and the label was made by utilizing the initial of his name and by adding the name of the proprietor Jack Cohen and they gave this house a name called Tesco that is a shop now sits in the sites. When Tesco stepped in to twenty-first century it was the most effectual period for the company to turn and supply its excellence services to the clients as in 2001 they had started the online shopping for the food markets as after achieving more that one-fourth interest in the food market works and it was good feedback from the clients. In the period of 2002 they made the major alterations to the shops in UK as they have purchased more than 80 0 T & A ; S shop in one spell. They have besides shown some of the biggest influence in the Polish market when they purchased more than ten biggest hypermarkets in Poland. The twelvemonth 2003 can be called the technological twelvemonth for this company as they have entered in to the telecommunication universe consisting nomadic and place phone services, to complement its bing Internet service supplier concern. In 2004 Tesco was the other company to launch broadband services but unluckily the program for Tesco in Thailand for making and running the hypermarkets in the coaction with Charoen Pokphand Group was non really successful as confronting the heavy unfavorable judgment in the market the Charoen Pokphand Group sold their interest. In the twelvemonth 2005 when there was the breakage of contract between Safeway and BP so Tesco bought some of the shop to increase its market In 2007 Tesco was placed under probe by the UK Office of Fair Trading ( OFT ) for moving as portion of a tru st of five supermarkets ( Safeway, Tesco, Asda, Morrisons and Sainsbury ) and a figure of dairy companies to repair the monetary value of milk, butter and cheese. They were reportedly paid i5 million ( US $ 10 million ) . In April 2009, Tesco announced that it had created a ace tomato that â€Å" does n't leak † . The tomato is grown in Holland and is meant to be a better tomato for sandwiches since, being less juicy, they will non do sandwiches every bit boggy as regular tomatoes do. 2 Strategic Decisions for the company Before stating the strategic determination, plans or aims for the company foremost of all we have to understand â€Å" what are the thing that can be covered under these determinations? † In the simple words we can state that it is the systematic and the analytic attack which review the concern as a whole in relation to the environment and which can be said into two different footings To develop an integrated, co-ordinate and consistent position of the path the company wishes to follow To ease the version of the organisation to environmental alteration. They together describe the construct of the house ‘s concern which specifies the sum of growing, the country of growing, the way of growing, the taking strengths, and the profitable marks. In add-on they are stated operationally in a signifier useable for steering direction determinations and actions. It is concerned with the preparation of the schemes within the model of company policies. It involves the procedure of strategic direction that will take through assorted operational and undertaking programs for the accomplishment of the aims ( Michael Armstrong, 1990 ) . Now speaking about the company which is tesco the basic attack they use for the preparation and completion of the aim and ends is the IBM attack in this attack the company will demo the type of concern they are making and they will show the sense of concern the endeavor is in and the way in which they are traveling. For doing it simple for the client to understand what they want to accomplish is some clip shown by the aid of graph and pie charts or the waggon wheels. Before utilizing this attack they have to maintain in head some of the basic characteristics or demands for the theoretical account. Operational Plans Undertaking Plans Recourse Plans Corporate Management Strategic Management Aims Valuess Policies Mission Feedback Actions Budgets So this is the chief flow of program which should be followed while utilizing IBM attack. Now in the instance of tesco they have followed the same form but in the different format. So now we should look at the different strategic determination or programs for the tesco. There are three type of the schemes that the tesco following in order to accomplish their ends and aims as they are typed below: Cost leading: One of the schemes that are used by Tesco for accomplishing their ends in a simple and easy manner id the cost leading as we can place from the word cost that they are taking about the monetary value thing as they have the scheme to supply their client with the lower monetary values from any other company. The ability for cut downing the cost for client or to take down the monetary values they control their operating costs in such a manner that they are easy able to take down the monetary values as in compared to others which help them to bring forth the high net incomes and therefore assisting them in the important manner. Scheme of distinction: Now this is the scheme that will distinguish the offer and the services that they have to offer to the clients and the featured clients. On the footing of this scheme they can make their trade name vicinity for the clients that they have to offer in footings of publicities, engineering, heath merchandises, bakeshop, etc. Customer service is popular attacks to distinction. Focused market. In prosecuting a cost leading scheme Tesco focuses on the creative activity of internal efficiencies that will assist them defy external force per unit areas. As we have seen that how tesco take attention of their client by utilizing the assorted schemes for the clients and which makes us to believe that tesco will be in the regular connexion with the operational governments and the other in the same sectors such as purchasers. While seeing to these schemes we can state that the schemes of cost leading and market distinction are aimed at the wide market and by utilizing these schemes they can settle their merchandises to any markets ( thrower, 1980 ) . Or we can state in other words that they pursue a scheme of cost leading or distinction either in a specific market or with specific merchandises. The danger some administration face is that they try to make all three and go what is known as stuck in the center. In instance of Tesco it is non appropriate, as they do hold a clear concern scheme with a clearly defined market section. Swot Analysis Strengths Raising market part: One of the strengths of the Tesco is the big size in the retail market which covers about the 13 per centum of the entire value. Just because of it versatility in every field it will be continuously turning in the UK market and part will besides be increased non in merely in nutrient sector but besides in non nutrient. Tesco ‘s general growing and ROI show no mark of slaking: One of the other strength of the Tesco is big investing in the West midlands departmental shops name called T and S Group which was considered the one of the monolithic measure taken by the company for the vicinity markets. In add-on in this twelvemonth Tesco became the UK ‘s 2nd largest convenience concatenation as compared to the co-operative shops and they besides opened more than 5o new shops this twelvemonth. If we take a expression towards the international concern portion of Tesco so we can see that it is continuously turning and the anticipation made by the board of the company that it will lend about one one-fourth of its net income in following consecutive five old ages. Now it is so much grown that it entire gross comes to 23 per centum of the entire group net incomes. And in terminal if we talk about the regional or geographical strength that is immense and will continues to turn. Insurance: In the twelvemonth 2003 Tesco reached the new stat mi rock of finishing the one million clients under the insurance subdivision by selling the motor insurance policies which made Tesco one of the fastest service supplier and marketer for the motor insurance. One of the characteristics that Tesco provides a simple characteristic to their club card holders that they can buy the vacations or travel insurance really easy at the sections. In the field of life insurance it gained award for most competitory life insurance supplier in the money facts awards 2003 and got the good response of the clients. It besides sells more than 330,000 pets insurance for the Canis familiariss and cats. Tesco online: One of biggest and the most convenient characteristic that Tesco provides is the on-line shopping. Tesco web site is the universe ‘s one of the biggest online shopping site. In this online shopping that about had a sale of over 550 million lbs which shows the addition in the company of more that 27 per centum in the last twelvemonth stats. We can run this site in more than 250 shops around the UK and have the client count of over one million to whom they provide on-line service. This company is besides demoing the strong development in its gross watercourse. UK market leading reinforced: If we take into consideration the size and the competition of Tesco to their rivals in this graduated table Tesco is really huge and immense in the service supplying. As they got the figure one ranking the twelvemonth 1996 for the best markets every bit merely because they have the multi format programs to follow which make them successful to accomplish the ends easy. And in the study by the competition committee as they have said that it is really hard for any company in the retail markets to vie with Tesco as if we see UK their gross revenues are 71 per centum larger than any company. And if it will turn at this rate so it will convey down the Wal- marketplaces opportunities of being the largest marketer in UK. Failings Reliance upon the UK market: As this the one of the best and the biggest company in the UK markets but it is really limited in the most of the UK markets. Although it s turning internationally but their chief stairss are based in the UK market will is the most important failing of the company. As we know that they are lifting twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours but we have to see the competition in the market as it was in the studies that in the supermarket industry over the period of one twelvemonth Morrison group will purchase the Safeway group will be the affecting for the market sharing for the company. Debt decrease: One of the other failing for the Tesco Idaho of high pitching ratio for the company as their Debs Ate increasing at really high rate and they are n ready to cut down that as because they had used all the money in the immense investing for the increasing the assets for the company and in the meeting with the pull offing manager he said that there is small program to return the debts as batch of money is being used in the other sectors. Signs point to consecutive acquisitions: One the company assets and the operation we have seen that this company is tremendously large in every province but to make fulling up the spread they have to sued the certain methods or programs that can assist them to accomplish the things easy. Thays why they have used the fill the spread scheme and has been the instance with the UK convenience market, there is the danger of Tesco going a consecutive acquirer, as this tends to cut down net incomes visibleness and quality. Opportunities Health and beauty: Opportunities are the things that are good for any company to turn as we have seen in the instance of Tesco that it have increased its market in the wellness and beauty merchandises from rather a piece and became the taking retail merchant in the field of wellness and beauty. As the secondary things they have one of the best toilet articless and health care and they have progressively become the figure marketer of baby goods. They have invested in the wellness and beauty about 27 million entirely in the market the money in the immense investing for the increasing the assets for the company and in the meeting with the pull offing manager he said that there is small program to return the debts as batch of money is being used in the other sectors. Further international growing: Tesco has shaped a strategic association with US supermarket, Safeway Inc, to take the tesco.com place shopping theoretical account to the US. Telecommunications are the latest phase in its scheme to develop popular retail services. It has repeated its attack in banking, by capitalising on its trade name. In 2004 the company plans to come in the Chinese market, as China is one of the largest economic systems in the universe with enormous prognosis growing and will show many chances for Tesco. Menaces UK structural alteration could trip a monetary value war: Menaces are the more likely to be in the big concern as they have more things to worry approximately as per the little things can do large harm to them. As now the biggest menace to the concern is the monetary value for the clients and as in UK the clients are more aggressive for the monetary values merely because in the competition the companies are cut downing their monetary values and in the instance of Morrison they are diminishing the monetary values by 6 per centum on every point as in comparison to Tesco. For these things they have to be committed to monetary value alterations in approaching hereafter. Overseas returns could fall: In the instance of the UK it is developed and they have nil in comparison able to the others but it will non be the good for the company to travel to the other state and put up the concern as they are certain factors that they have to see while puting up. They have to look at the economical, political, societal factors and rival ‘s status. So that they are ready to take the effects if we take the illustration of China and Japan they are have wholly different conditions. Talking about the challenges faced by the company here we can take the illustration of Tesco ‘s experience in the in-between land like in the state like China and the center of the Asia. As they all are saturated markets and all these are maximum the developed states and they have the maximal competition and really less chance so the Tesco is believing about the most effectual and the simplest schemes so that they can construct up at that place. Ut we have to see the assorted factors which have to be keep in head like the economic, political, societal and environmental issues. Decision So here in this paper after speaking about the one of the biggest group in the retail markets we merely came to decision that it is working really good from every facet as there are many Fieldss where we have seen that Tesco was new but utilizing their most simple and easy schemes they made them self a really immense and big industry and have reached to the success in one twelvemonth clip that is so impressive. The manner they trade name their merchandises and the manner they provide the client service to their client ‘s is beyond the thought. It had fostered powerful individualities by doing their retailing construct into a virus and disbursement it out into the civilization via a assortment of channels: cultural sponsorship, political contention, and consumer ‘s experience and trade name extensions. So here we did the grind analysis of the company which give us the fact that there are many planetary and internal factors that rhenium associated with the companies ‘ public presentation. In last 30 old ages sentiment of the market has altered from a merchandise and client way to strategic class. Here we are we are sing the vision of the Tesco and the ways Tesco comes up with the taking rival in the market for the remainder of companies. Here we will be discoursing the assorted stairss and schemes, policies, theoretical accounts used by the company in order to increase its public presentation in the market.

A Little Stress Never Hurt Anybody - 1279 Words

A Little Stress Never Hurt Anybody Everyone has a general idea of the definition of the word stress, and most people view it in a negative way. Stress is simply, â€Å"the relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing and endangering to his or her well-being† (McGowan 92). Stress can be caused by many things, such as being unhappy with a job, having too many responsibilities, or overworking. Stress can affect a person’s body, mood, and behavior. Events that cause stress are known as stressors; this covers a variety of different situations. Stressors can vary greatly, being anything from a risk of physical danger to taking a test. The human body responds to these stressors by activating the nervous system and specific hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol, which increase breathing rate, heart rate, and blood pressure. There are two types of stress: distress, which is the harmful form; and eustress, which is the more pos itive form of stress. According to Social Indicators Research, â€Å"people who experience a certain level of stress can actually be more productive and produce more effectively than if the stress was eliminated† (O’Sullivan). Not all stress is bad for the body; in fact, some stress can actually do the body good and help in certain areas of one’s life. According to thefreedictionary.com, eustress is a positive form of stress (â€Å"Eustress†), the word contains two different parts, the Greek prefix â€Å"eu† means well orShow MoreRelatedThe Mother Of A Legend1177 Words   |  5 Pagesinteract with others a certain way, my mother would remind us that just because we don’t want to do something doesn’t mean we shouldn’t. She would also let us know that there is either a reward or punishment for whatever we decide to or not to do. I never fully realized how worthy my mom was to say this until recently, when she graduated with her Master’s degree in education. With all the obligations my mom has, this would seem to be an impossible feat. On the contrary, she made it happen. The firstRead MoreNegative Effect On Football1197 Words   |  5 Pagesfootball has brought joy to people all across America. Since football was created, many people across the world have used it for hundreds of reasons including bringing families together. Then, for the ones actually playing the game, the use it for a stress reliever an out from reality a moment out of their life where all they have to worry about is doing one thing that they love playing their sport. On the other hand, though there is one major complication that stops people from playing Chronic TraumaticRead MoreComedy : The New Critical Idiom1426 Words   |  6 Pagesmedicine to relief stress when someone is going through a tough time. Although Stott Mentions in his book that Comedian are their just to take advantage of others(Stott 6-7), but not in a bad way. Comedians uses stereotypical approach in way that fits in a way of comedy. Not in a racist manner. The audience may find this deceiving, but when they k now it’s viewed in a different perspective. They understand it’s just intended for just jokes not in a different manner. The Audience never attack the comedianRead MoreSalinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1310 Words   |  6 Pagessituations that most do not have to face anymore. Today the temptations are much greater than Holden had to deal with, therefore, High Schoolers reading this book may become confused by the fact that Holden has to overcome little obstacles by himself, that today’s teens may never come across. The biggest opposition is that today’s high schoolers cannot connect to the way Holden lives his life, this is said because life is different. Most teenagers today are not â€Å"teenagers† but mini adults, a lot skipRead MorePersuasive Essay On Suicide1622 Words   |  7 PagesSuicide (carried out during periods of considerable stress and frustration), and Fatalistic Suicide (Where there is extreme rule in order or high expectations s et upon a person or people in which lead them to a sense of no self or individuality). All totally different subjects of suicides. Teenagers don’t just commit suicide because they think it’s all fun and games but they do it because they are feeling helpless or hopeless. They don’t have anybody that can really understand what is going on in theirRead MoreWhy Abortion Should Stop The Abortion873 Words   |  4 Pagesplanet. I searched up some facts about how abortions can hurt you in The killing of an human was doing no wrong is a horrible act, even if that human being has yet to be born. Unborn babies are considered human or soon to be humans by the government and people who actually cares about humans. The federal Unborn Victims of Violence Act, which was made to protect unborn children from assault and murder. The law states that under federal law, anybody intentionally killing or attempting to kill an unbornRead More Examining Conflict in I Stand Here Ironin g Essays1416 Words   |  6 Pageshad been interrupted by childbirth, desertion, poverty, numerous jobs, childcare, remarriage, frequent relocations, and five children. Her struggling economic situation gave way to little or no opportunity to properly care for and nurture her first-born child. In spite of the attention and love Emily craved and never received, she still survived, and even made strengths, and talents, out of the deprivations she had endured. From the beginning of Emilys life she is separated from those sheRead MoreThe Change in Gender Roles890 Words   |  4 Pagesswayed so far to make it change. Back in the day men would never wear anything that look like a diaper or looked like something that a toddler would wear. So what has changed in people in society to switch to use them? Men, the center of the family, a person that is to be at his best all the time can one day fall into something that is not suppose to happen. Everyday men are being put to the test in their jobs and now it is putting stress onto them. For a man they want people to look at them andRead MoreReflection Paper868 Words   |  4 Pagesnot have any other cares in the world, as you turn around to see a parent or step-parent leave for work. You tell them bye and that you love them, as they walk out the door, but receive no response. You feel hurt by this and think that you did something wrong, but soon find out that you will never see this parent again. They left your family, for a â€Å"better life.† This takes an emotional toll on your whole family, but particularly you. You begin to experience uncontrollable anger, depression, you beginRead MoreCriminal Case, State Vs Stepp Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pagescorrespond to sexual assault. As for the injuries to her genitalia, they fou nd a couple of significant tears as if an object like a finger had been forcibly inserted. Stepp claims that his actions during the incident were influenced by his post-traumatic stress disorder, a side effect from fighting overseas, alcohol dependency as well as drug abuse. Therefore, in the conviction hearing, he requests that he be charged with second-degree murder on the account that his actions were not deliberate or premeditated

Humanism and Its Effects on Renaissance Art Essay

Beginning roughly around the year 1400 an era in Europe began; one that would shape the ideas and the lives of men. This era of rebirth or renaissance came within the fifteenth century through the revival of classical texts. One central effect of the Renaissance was the production of a new intellectual idea: humanism. Humanism being defined as a, â€Å"[t]erm invented in the 19th century. . . [regarding] developments relating to the revival of Classical literature and learning in European culture from roughly 1300 to 1600† left its mark on all of Europe leaving nothing untouched not even the artist. Both northern and southern art would be affected by humanism but in different ways ranging from changes in the human form, new choices of†¦show more content†¦From Pollaiuolo creator of the engraving Battle of the Nudes to Michelangelos David the human form was not about reality but idealism the ultimate portrayal of Gods ultimate creation. This perfected view of th e human form can also be seen later in Da Vincis Vitruvian Man and Michelangelos muscular figures whether male or female. Humanism’s affects did not stop there. The topics of paintings also began to change. Botticelli’s Primavera and The Birth of Venus depict this change clearly. Both show mythological themes. The focus on these themes inspired Raphael and Titan to develop their famous pieces as the early Renaissance became the High Renaissance. From here interesting occurrences began to evolve. Humanism itself develops a new school of thought known as Neo-Platonism; an idea that mixes ancient philosophy and Christian truth. For example, the reaction to Botticellis creations was that of others trying to find a religious meaning within the mythological topic. Slowly however, even this will fade as the Mannerist style develops. Along with the movement toward secular and eventually erotic portrayals of art the artist began to enjoy a new status. Duke explains th at they became â€Å"practitioners of the high-status liberal arts† someone to be sought after, someone to study and someone to stand in awe of. Humanism’s affect spread north but thereShow MoreRelatedLeonardo Da Vinci : The Renaissance951 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance was a rebirth of creativity, freedom, individuality, independence and self- determination. During this time period where humanism was encouraged, there were countless Renaissance men. One astounding and well recognized man was Leonardo da Vinci, he had many aptitudes and talents that portrayed him to be an astonishing artist of the Renaissance time period. Leonardo da Vinci, Influenced many during the Renaissance, due to his great art, anatomy, science literature. As demonstratedRead MoreThe Impact of Renaissance on the Present1204 Words   |  5 Pagescultural and societal changing events, which transpired throughout the years 1350-1600. During the period known today as the â€Å"Renaissan ce† (1350-1600), the world of art, the boundaries of marriage, and secular viewpoints were forever revolutionized, through the development and spread of â€Å"Renaissance Humanism†, which today, still affects modern day life. (Knox 1999) The Renaissance (1350-1600), named from the French word meaning â€Å"rebirth†, began in Florence Italy, spreading through Europe, and eventuallyRead More The Impact of Education on the Renaissance Essay694 Words   |  3 PagesThe gigantic effect that education had on Renaissance society was greatly stimulated by the new development of humanism. Humanism was responsible for the curiosity of many intellects during the Renaissance, which ultimately led to the discoveries and developments that made the Renaissance such a remarkable time. It proposed a different way of thinking, unprecedented by scholars. Without humanism and the educational interest that it brought about, the Renaissance would not be known as the explosionRead MoreTaking a Look at the Italian Renaissance690 Words   |  3 Pages What did art represent in the Italian Renaissance? Explain the significance of the art in the Renaissance - using examples. Choose one of the artists from each of the eras of the Italian Renaissance: Early Renaissance 1330 -1450 → Donatello, Brunelleschi, Masaccio High Renaissance 1450 - 1500 → Piero della Francesca, Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci Late Renaissance 1500 - 1700 → Raphael, Titian, Carlo Maderno, Artemisia Gentileschi Take notes on the contributions that the artist made to:Read MoreThe Renaissance Era Was A Prosperous Time For Art From1359 Words   |  6 Pages The Renaissance era was a prosperous time for art from the 15th century to 17th century. Europe had reached the end of the middle ages. The middle age is often defined by characteristics such as martial order and absolute hierarchy. European countries did not thrive in terms of technology nor have any advancements in terms of the economy either. The Renaissance period which came after the middle age completely contrasts its preceding era. A new philosophy that later on came to be known as ‘humanism’Read MoreInfluence Of The Renaissance On Modern Europe1174 Words   |  5 Pageswere more significant than the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and the French Revolution. Of these three events, the Renaissance proved to be the most important event in shaping a modern Europe, with developments in education, class structure/o rder and social change issues, religion, building construction/use, Medici banking system, art and architecture, humanism, printing and the printing press, and the scientific and medical changes of the Islamic Renaissance. The changes in the developmentRead MoreThe Renaissance Was A Period Of The Art And Learning Styles Based On Greco Roman Inspiration975 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance was a period of the â€Å"rebirth† of the art and learning styles based on Greco-Roman inspiration. These ideas had been lost in Europe due to the Dark Ages. The Renaissance began in the 1300s, and it reached its crowning point during the 1500s. During this time, trading was thriving, and this allowed for innovative ideas to spread. Trade routes from the Middle East and far East brought mathematical and scientific advancements to Europe. The profits from trade allowed prosperous merchantsRead MoreThe Influence of Renaissance in Art and Architecture947 Words   |  4 Pagesreligious symbols. During the Renaissance the main focus was the study of people. This is shown through the increase in self portraits and classical antiquity-inspired buildings. The change between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is best shown through the art and architecture, demonstrated specifically through an emphasis on religion and classical antiquity, both suggesting a clear cultural change. The culture of both of these eras was greatly shaped by the studies of humanism and theology. The transformationRead MoreThe Renaissance And Its Impact On The European Renaissance1694 Words   |  7 Pagesnow know as the European Renaissance, every aspect of European life changed because of this revolution. The Renaissance began a renewed interest in the people to seek knowledge and question what the world around them meant. The Renaissance wasn’t just about learning however, it included exploring the world, art, and focusing on what the human being had to offer in society. This focus on the human being on an individual level became what is commonly known as Humanism. Humanism can be seen as the centralRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Italian Renaissance1299 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Italian Renaissance Renaissance means rebirth in the French language, the renaissance happened between the fifteenth century and sixteenth century. Beginning in Italy, the Renaissance was an era that rediscovered the culture of ancient Greece and Rome in the fourteenth century and witnessed a continuation of the economic, political, and social trends. Jacob Burck-hardt, a swiss historian and art critic, created the Renaissance in his celebrated book The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy

Cold War Research Paper - 1391 Words

Cold War Research Paper The Cold War was fought between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. The war was a battle to be the most powerful country in the world. Although the Cold War was not a violent one it affected many other countries besides the United States and the Soviet Union. Most of the battles were races to get the achieve technology. South Korea was deeply affected by the Cold War; â€Å"Letter to General-Lieutenant Hodge on Northern Korea Providing Electricity to Southern Korea† proves that South Korea’s debt to North Korea was directly associated with the Cold War. North Korea was also very much affected by the Cold War; â€Å"Soviet Report on Communists in Korea, 1945† validates the fact that the North Korean†¦show more content†¦With the creation of a popular democratic front, KIM IL SUNG will be a suitable candidate to head it† (Report on Communists in Korea). If it weren’t for the Soviets, there would be les s separation and the North and South Korean governments would be completely different. The author refers to the mass separation between the two parties but doesn’t really pay any attention to it, â€Å"In South Korea, besides the Communist Party, the strongest party is the Democratic Party, which represents the interests of the big landowners and capitalists. The party numbers about 10,000 and is headed by Song Jin-u. The party openly engages in pro-imperialist and anti-Communist propaganda†(Report on Communists in Korea). The Cold War affected North Korea in ways other than politically, also. The National Security Report, NSC 8/2 affected the North Koreans intellectually. Henry A Kissinger, the Assistant to the President of the United States, wrote this report. Kissinger wrote this on March 22, 1949. 1949 was after the Marshall Plan was announced. Kissinger wrote this to the President of the United States of America. Kissinger wrote the report to discuss the issues in Korea. Kissinger is trying to get across that things are very tense between the Communists and Democrats in Korea. These conflicts eventually led to the Korean War and conflicts that continue to this day. The Cold War affected the North Korean’s Intellectually. If it were notShow MoreRelatedCold War Research Paper1313 Words   |  6 PagesU.S. International Relations U.S. actions throughout and around the war will have lasting effects both during the conflict and afterward. How President Obama chose to work with allies and against enemies will set the playing field for the new administration. Russia Two of President Obama’s goals in Syria included seeing Assad relinquish and transition power to a new leader and ending al Qaeda and ISIS’s expansion in the region. Both Europe and the U.S. have been victims of acts of terror sponsoredRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War961 Words   |  4 Pages1945, beginning year of the Cold War. The development of cold war just started after the end of world War ||. The cold war was the result of conflict between two powerful country Soviet Union and United State. The war was regarding to the lead the world after the World War ||. The Soviet Union wanted to emerge its power to the world and so do the United States too. The research paper mainly focused on various reasons of opposition of two great power of the world Soviets and United States of AmericaRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Policies Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pageseffects and changes of endogenous inside the government of the United States. Outstanding assertions like the policie s of Monroe, intercontinental encounters such as the Second World War, War of the Spanish and Americans, and the cold war and also conflicts that were termed as local including the Korean War and the Vietnam War considerably shaped the American foreign policy (Kissinger et al., 1969). The recent occurrences such as the 11th September 2001, epitomized the important exogenous watershed whichRead MoreAmerican Foreign Policy During The United States Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pageseffects and changes of endogenous inside the government of the United States. Outstanding assertions like the policies of Monroe, intercontinental encounters such as the Second World War, War of the Spanish and Americans, and the cold war and also conflicts that were termed as local including the Korean War and the Vietnam War considerably shaped the American foreign policy (Kissinger et al., 1969). The recent occurrences such as the 11th September 2001, epitomized the important exogenous watershed whichRead MorePol 300 Assignment 2: Current Events and U.S. Diplomacy705 Words   |  3 Pagescy/ This paper will be a revised and expanded version of the first research paper. Based on your instructor’s feedback, you will first revise the first paper. Write three-to-four (3-4) new pages that address the following: Define presidential doctrine and summarize the regional or global events during the Cold War leading up to the formation of the presidential doctrine you wrote about in Assignment 1. Select one country you wrote about in Assignment 1 and describe the Cold War relationshipRead MoreRichard Byrd s The Cold War1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War, spanning almost half a century, was a conflict that accelerated the production of nuclear weapons and forced the United States and the other belligerent, the Soviet Union, to make scientific advances at a rate unseen in any other time in human history. The Cold War Comes to Main Street: America in 1950, written by Lisle A. Rose, thoroughly examines the year 1950 in the United States and the effect that the Cold War had on the American populous. Rose examines communism and the militaryRead MoreProspectus Example1677 Words   |  7 Pages 2010 Introduction As a young child, I remember living in New York during the latter part of the Cold War years. In school, we had â€Å"bomb drills† in which time we got under our desks and took cover in case of a bomb or missile hitting the city. The apartment building that I lived in had a â€Å"fallout shelter† downstairs underneath the building to house survivors of nuclear war and spare them the effects of radioactivity. In my pre college studies, I didn’t learn much about the politicsRead MorePol 300 Assignment 1: the Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy638 Words   |  3 PagesThe Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/pol-300-assignment-1-the-cold-war-and-u-s-diplomacy/ Assignment 1: The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Due Week 5 and worth 135 points Select a president from the table, â€Å"Presidents and Their ‘Doctrines,’† in Roskin, Chapter 4. Then write a 3-5 page paper on the doctrine that president used according to Roskin. Your research must include at least four (4) credible sources, apart from your textbook. Your paper mustRead MorePol 300 Week 5 Assignment 1 New Strayer1086 Words   |  5 Pagesat: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM POL 300 WEEK 5 ASSIGNMENT 1 NEW STRAYER POL/300 Assignment 1 – The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Select a president from the table, â€Å"Presidents and Their ‘ Doctrines,’† in Roskin, Chapter 4. Then write a 3-5 page paper on the doctrine that president used according to Roskin. Your research must include at least four (4) credible sources, apart from your textbook. Your paper must address the following: 1.Summarize a situation that required U.S. diplomatic efforts duringRead MoreUS and the Cold War Era1364 Words   |  6 PagesWhile the U.S. maintained a relatively confusing agenda regarding foreign policies during the Cold War era, its attitudes are clearer in the present as globalization has strengthened connections between all international actors and made it more difficult for some to focus on maintaining hostile outlooks. The U.S. has had a long history with Syria and Israel, as the superpower has struggled to keep the two countries from abusing each-other and has, at times, provided the latter with significant financial

Was the Iraqi Use of Military Force in the First Gulf War Justified Free Essays

Was the Iraqi use of military force in The First Gulf War justified? In the end of Cold War, a new problem for the international community emerged. In the summer 1990 Iraq launched an invasion of Kuwait. Since the establishment of the United Nations, the international law has played a significant role in relations between states and the survival of the fittest has no longer been a legitimate reason for aggression. We will write a custom essay sample on Was the Iraqi Use of Military Force in the First Gulf War Justified? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence, as Iraq has been a UN member a since 1945, its government must have advocated its use of military force somehow. Thus Saddam Hussein took an advantage of ongoing disputes with his neighbour. The purpose of this essay is to prove that the economic frictions between Iraq and Kuwait could not serve as a justification for the Iraqi invasion. Firstly, this paper will examine financial quarrels between the two countries. Secondly, a dispute over price of oil will be discussed. Financial issues between Iraq and Kuwait have their roots in the Iraq-Iran war. The eight years of fighting have caused economic instability in Iraq. The local government was suddenly forced to deal with destroyed infrastructure, depleted oil reserves, and mainly, with the third largest debt in the world that accounted for $80billion (CIA, 2007). In short, local economy got in a dire situation and in order to keep the country going, Iraqi leaders needed to obtain extra money as soon as possible. As a result, Saddam Hussein urged Kuwait to write off the whole Iraqi debt and in addition, provide Baghdad with another $10billion. As Kuwait belonged to Iraq’s biggest creditors, the amount of Iraqi debt was definitely not negligible. In fact, Iraq owed Gulf States approximately $40billion at the time (Freedman Karsh, 1993). Hussein decided to advocate his daring demand by claiming that without Iran-Iraq war, Gulf States would have been forced to pay larger sums in order to protect themselves from Iran and its Islamic revolution. Accordingly, in the Iraqi point of view, Baghdad deserved to be compensated for the war expenditures. Iraqi former foreign minister, Tariq Aziz, elaborated on this topic with pan-Arabic rhetoric. In his memorandum to the Secretary-General of the Arab League, Aziz argued that despite the division into states, all Arabs still remained one country and what belonged to one, belonged to all. Therefore, according to Aziz, financial support provided to Iraq by Gulf States should not have been regarded as debt, but as aid (Salinger Laurent, 1991). However, since the establishment of the United Nations, the principle of the pan-Arabism has not been legitimate. On the basis of Article 2, paragraph 1 of the UN Charter, all states are sovereign. This means they have full authority over their own territory and cannot be forced into a decision they do not want to make. It seems logical that no country would voluntarily forget a huge debt and render another $10 billion for no service in return. For this reason, Kuwait considered the Iraqi far reaching demand as bullying (Mylroie, 1993; Salinger Laurent, 1991; Bulloch Morris, 1991). Moreover, there was possibility that if Kuwait had fulfilled the Iraqi request, more Iraqi demands for additional money would have followed (Mylroie, 1993; Karsh Rautsi, 1991). Hence, Kuwaiti government refused to negotiate with Iraq for most of the time and ignored the Iraqi insistence. Nevertheless, when the situation got more escalated, delegates of both parties finally met at a congress in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Here, at last, Kuwait made a concession and offered Saddam Hussein and his cabinet a cancellation of Iraqi debt and a loan of $500million (Musallam, 1996). However, Saddam Hussein did not accept this offer and immediately the next day, on August 1st 1990, sent Iraqi troops on the Kuwaiti border. According to Baran and Rubin (1993), Kuwaiti government perceived the meeting in Jeddah as a starting point for bargaining and perhaps even further concessions. Iraq, on the other hand, came only to deliver an ultimatum. This essay will now examine this financial dispute between Iraq and Kuwait in terms of international law. As the law stands, a war must be fought for a just cause. Among other things, it mainly means that a war should be waged only as a last resort, when all possible peaceful options have failed (O’Brien, 1981). With application of this rule to the frictions discussed above, it is plausible to argue that Saddam Hussein and his government did not try to solve the dispute by all peaceful options. On the one hand, they were urging Kuwait to negotiate in the beginning. On the other, when Kuwait finally offered a concession, Iraqi government rebuffed it and immediately launched an invasion of Kuwait. Clearly, this time it was Hussein’s turn to make a concession to Kuwait. Even if afterwards the bilateral negotiations would have failed, there would have been still other peaceful ways how to solve the problem, such as for example good offices, conciliation, arbitration or judicial settlement. Meanwhile, none of these were employed. From this, one can see that Iraq should not have advocated its invasion to Kuwait with an argument that Kuwait ignored all his financial needs. As the Iraqi demand was very daring, Hussein should have tried much more to bargain and make a compromise. The second pressing economic problem was the oil price. Since Iraqi oil industry accounted for 95% of country’s foreign currency earnings (CIA, 2007), petroleum was very important for Saddam Hussein, especially in the post-war years. In order to raise extra revenues necessary for the reconstruction of the country, Iraqi government needed the oil price to grow as much as possible. However, a constraint in the Iraqi plan became once again Kuwait. The Gulf State was producing more oil than Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) quotas allowed and this overproduction led to a slump of oil prices. Whereas in January 1990 a barrel of petroleum cost $20. 5, two months later it was only $18 (Freedman Karsh, 1993). For this reason, Saddam Hussein was losing a prospect of future revenues. Consequently, Iraq demanded Kuwait to reduce its quotas in exporting oil so that the prices could grow again. This request was completely ignored from the Kuwaiti side. In fact, instead of abiding the oil limits to make more space for increased Iraqi production, Kuwait continued to far exceed them by $0. 6 million barrels a day (Salinger Laurent, 1991). It was as if Kuwait kicked into the hornets’ nest. Iraqi foreign minister immediately declared that Kuwait was utterly and knowingly trying to bring Baghdad to its knees† (Salinger Laurent, 1991, 37). On a meeting of Arab monarch in the spring 1990, Saddam Hussein even escalated the situation further by aggressively stating that â€Å"war doesn’t mean just tanks, artillery of ships. It can take subtler and more insidious forms, such as the overproduction of oil, economic damage and pressure to enslave a nation† (Salinger Laurent, 1991: 31). In this way, he directly accused Kuwaiti leaders of waging a war against Iraq. Even though Kuwait never publicly acknowledged being in an economic war with Hussein’s regime, from a leaked letter between a Kuwaiti statesman and the Kuwaiti king, it became clear that a part of the Iraqi accusations was justifiable. The letter showed that Kuwait was, indeed, purposely taking an advantage of the dire economic situation in Iraq in order to put pressure on Hussein’s regime (Salinger Laurent, 1991). But still, it was OPEC’s rules and OPEC quotas that Kuwait did not adhere to. Therefore, it was OPEC’s responsibility to deal with the problem, not Hussein’s. A lack of consensus among OPEC members about how to deal with the overproduction led to lengthy negotiations and no tangible result for a long time. At last, a few days before the invasion at an OPEC meeting, Kuwait finally agreed to abide the quotas. Nonetheless, it did not change the Iraq’s violent intention. This suggests that Hussein used his argument about the economic war only as a pretext for annexation of Kuwaiti territory. Furthermore, looking at these frictions around the oil price in terms of international law again, according to the Article 2, paragraph 3 of the UN Charter, all members must in their international relations refrain from the threat or use of force. However, there is one exception to this rule and that is self-defence. Saddam Hussein was probably well aware of the right of self-defence. Therefore, he tried to make himself look insecure and claimed that Kuwait was waging an economic war and that he was only protecting his country. Nevertheless, in the article 51 of UN Charter, it is clearly stated that a UN member has a right to self-defence â€Å"if an armed attacks occurs†. Armed is a very important word in the discussed case, because Kuwait did not use army to intimidate Iraq and so Saddam Hussein could not justify his invasion in Kuwait with an argument of waging economic war as well. Based on the previous discussion, it can be concluded that Iraqi use of military force in The First Gulf War was not justified. In regard to the financial disputes and the issues of oil price, none of these can serve as an argument for invasion. In the first case, Saddam Hussein should have put in a more effort to make a compromise with Kuwait. In the second one, OPEC had a responsibility to solve the problem, not the Iraqi government. Moreover, as the international law stands, both Iraqi arguments were not legitimate. In general, Saddam Hussein only confirmed Aristotle’s idea, according to which tyrants are trying to make themselves look insecure but this is only because they want to obtain what is justly not theirs. Reference List: Aristotle. (1995) Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Baran, A Rubin, B. (1993) Iraq’s Road to War. London: Macmillan Press Bulloch, J Morris, H. (1991) Saddam War: The Origins of the Kuwaiti conflict and the International Response. London: Faber and Faber Central Intelligence Agency. (2007) Iraq Economic Data (1989-2003). Retrieved 16 August 2012 from: https://www. cia. gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/iraq_wmd_2004/chap2_annxD. html The Charter of United Nations. Retrieved 16 August 2012 from: http://www. un. org/en/documents/charter/ Freedman,L Karsh, E. 1993) The Gulf Conflict. London: Faber and Faber Karsh, E Rautsi, I. (1991) Why Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait. Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, Vol. 33 Issue 1, pages 18-30. Mussalam, M. (1996) The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. London: British Academic Press Mylroie, L. (1993) Why Saddam Hussein invaded Iraq. Orbis, Vol. 37 Issue 1. O‘Brien, W. (1981) The Conduct of Just and Limited War. New York: Praeger Salinger, P Laurent, E. (1991) Secret Dossier: The Hid den Agenda behind the Gulf War. New York: Penguin Books. How to cite Was the Iraqi Use of Military Force in the First Gulf War Justified?, Essay examples

Construction Law for FIDIC Red Book Contract- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theConstruction Law for FIDIC Red Book Contract. Answer: The FIDIC red book contract governs the construction project for road works. I was employed under a contractor to work in the construction of the roads project. Despite the fact that the contractor had assembled resources, which includes men and equipments for the road construction work, the employer, did not grant possession of the site to the contractor. The Red Book entails contract that deals with civil engineering sector, which is distinct from the electrical/mechanical engineering sector[1]. The building contracts stipulate the obligations either of the employer that he owes to the contractor expressly or in an implied manner. The two most essential obligation of the employer with respect to any building contract entered into with the contractor are as follows: The employer is obligated to co-operate with the contractor that is, the employer must provide the contractor with a suitable position, which enables the employer to fulfill his/her obligations stipulated under the contract. The employer is obligated to make payments to the contractor for the works that have been carried out by the contractor with respect to the construction work. Even if the employer delegates his obligations to some other persons but she shall be held responsible for the performance of his stipulated obligations. In London Borough of Merton v Stanley Hugh Leach Ltd [1985][2], it was held that the employer must not engage in any conduct that would hinder the obligations of the employer under the contract. There are certain building contracts that expressly stipulates the obligation of the employer to give the contractor an access to the construction site with a view to carry out the construction work. According to clause 2.4 of the JCT SBC/Q 2016 on the date of possession of the site or possession of the relevant section of the site shall be given to the contractor who shall commence the construction of the work or the section of the site. The contractor thereafter shall proceed with the construction work diligently and regularly and is entitled to complete the construction work on or before the date of completion stipulated in the contract. According to clause 2.1 of the FIDIC suite 1999, the employer shall be entitled to provide the contractor with the right to possession of and access to all the parts of the site within the stipulated time[3]. The employer is entitled to give the contractor with the right to access and the possession of the site within such period that would enable the contractor to proceed with the construction work. As per sub-clause 20.1, in the event of any delay or if the contractor had to incur expenses owing to the failure of the employer to provide the contractor with the right to access or possession of the construction site, the contractor shall be entitled to serve notice to the Engineer and make claims in respect to the following grounds: an extension of time for causing such delay, in case the delay occurs in completing the construction under sub-clause 8.4; and payment for any such expenses incurred and any reasonable profit that shall be included within the Contract price However, the contractor shall not be liable to make any claims if the delay results from any conduct or omission on part of the contractor[4]. In our scenario, the employer caused delay in granting the possession of the construction site, which amounts to the breach of the primary obligation of the employer to cooperate with the contractor by giving the possession of the site[5]. Under such circumstances, the contractor was entitled to serve notice upon the employer for extension of time and for making payments made with respect to the contract under clause 2.1 of the FIDIC suite 1999. The reason for delaying the grant of possession of the site was on part of the employer and the contractor was not responsible for the same. Since the employer failed to grant us the possession of the construction site within the stipulated time, it would entitle us to claim for an additional time than the original time stipulated in the contract. The delay also resulted in the delay in the completion of construction of the sectional areas[6]. As per the JCT suite 2016, the employer is prohibited from re-entering into the construction site after granting the possession to the contractor. The employer may enter upon the construction site and take possession of the site as per clause 8.7 of JCT suite 2016 or when the contract is terminated owing to the fault on part of the contractor as per clause 8.4 of the JCT suite 2016. On the facts here, we were supposed to finish the construction of some of the sectional areas but due to some reasons that were beyond the control of the contractor. However, since we could not complete the construction of the sectional areas, the engineers imposed penalty in the subsequent interim payment, which was, nevertheless, reversed when we succeeded in claiming additional time. Nevertheless, in order to establish that the delay was not intentional, we had to prove that the contractor had acted diligently and have carried out the construction work based on good trade practices. Furthermore, we succeeded in establishing the fact that the delay caused was not deliberate as it was beyond the control of the contractor and he had taken reasonable measures to avoid any such delay[7]. In addition, the delay did not cause the employer to suffer any financial loss of any manner, which further signifies that the contractor had carried out the construction work applying good trade pract ices. To sum up the entire experience, the Contract Administrator opined that the employer had failed to perform his obligations by causing delay in granting the possession of the construction site, which has further cause delay in commencing the construction of the sectional areas of the construction site. Hence, under clause 8.4 and 20.1, the contractor was entitled to claim for extended time or money to complete the project and to the extent that completion for the purposes stipulated in sub-clause 10.1 of the FIDIC suite of 1999[8]. The contractor should serve such notice of claim within 28 days from the date he became aware of the circumstances that entitled to make such claim. As per the answer provided by my classmate, it is well structured and the provisions included in the assignment are relevant. My fellow classmate has successfully discussed the provisions relating to the rights, obligations of employer and contractor with respect to construction work. In the event of delay in granting the possession of the site, it may entitle the contractor to claim extension of time and monetary compensation for any expenses incurred by the contractor due to the delay of the employer in granting the site possession as per JCT suite 2016 and FIDIC 1999. Reference List Baker, E., Mellors, B., Chalmers, S., Lavers, A. (2013).FIDIC contracts: Law and practice. CRC Press. Brook, M. (2016).Estimating and tendering for construction work. Taylor Francis. Chappell, D. (2017).The JCT Minor Works Building Contracts 2016. John Wiley Sons. London Borough of Merton v Stanley Hugh Leach Ltd [1985] 32 B.L.R. 51 Powell, G. (2016).Construction Contract Preparation and Management: From Concept to Completion. Palgrave Macmillan. Sinclair, S. T. A. C. Y. (2016).designing+(dis) assembling disputes: an ethnography of disputes lawyers in the construction industry(Doctoral dissertation, University of Westminster). Wang, J. D. (2015, September). The Duality of the Engineer as Contractor Administrator under FIDIC Contract Conditions. InAdvanced Material Engineering: Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering(p. 379). World Scientific. Wilkens, V., Viljoen, P. (2014, April). Fidic red book 1999 equally responsive to all parties to the contract with regard to the claims and dispute resolution procedure. InProceedings in GV-Global Virtual Conference(No. 1).